Consonant Index

"Window Over a Garden" by Marc Chagall, 1917

Final Consonants

• Final "f"
• Final "v"
• Final "k"
• Final "g"
• Final "p"
• Final "b"
• Final "t"
• Final "d"
• Final "l"
• Final "r"
• Final "n"
• Final "m"
• Final "th"
  

The Pronunciation of "Ed" in Regular Verbs

• "Ed" = "t" after voiceless consonants
• "Ed" = "d" after voiced consonants
• "Ed" = "Id" after "t" or "d"
• Three Rules For The Pronunciation of "Ed"
  

The Pronunciation of "s" in plural nouns, the third person singular of verbs in the Present Simple Tense, and in Possessive using proper nouns.

• After Voiceless Consonants, "s" = /s/
• After Voiced Consonants, "s"= /z/
• After Sibilant Consonants, "s"=/Iz/
• Three Rules For The Pronunciation of "s"
  

The Pronunciation of Final Sibilant Consonants

• Final "s"
• Final "sh"
• Final "ch"
• Final "j"
• Final "z"

The Pronunciation of Initial Consonants

• Initial "sh"
• Initial "ch"
• Initial "sh" and "ch"
• Initial "l"
• Initial "r"
• Initial "l" and "r"
• Initial "j"
• Initial "y"
• Initial "y" and "j"
• Initial "th"
• Initial "v"
• Initial "b"
• Initial "v" and "b"

The uses of the third form participle (past participle)

1. Present Perfect Tense
I've already seen that movie.

2. Past Perfect Tense
I didn't want to see that movie last night because I had already seen it

3 Passive Voice
Those patients will be seen by the doctor soon.

4. As An Adjective
This chair is broken. You shouldn't sit on it.

Here are links to the third form participle practices that we are studying in class:

Third Form Participles, a to c
Third Form Participles, c to f
Third Form Participles, f to l
Third Form Participles, l to r
Third Form Participles, r to s
Third Form Participles, s to t
Third Form Participles, t to w
Third Form Participles of Regular Verbs
Three Forms of The Verb: List

Irregular Verb Quiz #1
Irregular Verb Quiz #2
Irregular Verb Quiz #3
Irregular

Final "Z". Listen and Fill the Blanks.

"Still Life #30" Pop Art
by Tom Wesselman, 1963















1. A used car isn’t as expensive as a new one.

2. The computer will automatically alphabetize the names.

3. A short test is called a quiz . We’ll have one next week.

4. I asked my employer for a raise last week. He said he would think about it.

5. Did the student surprise you when she answered all the questions correctly?

6. I sometimes fantasize about a vacation on a tropical island.

7. They can’t come to class on Fridays because they have to work.

8. I realize that it is difficult to learn English. But you can do it!

9. Which dress did you choose to buy, the red one or the blue one?

10. To prevent war, nations or parties sometimes have to compromise .

11. Everyone stand in line and pose for the photograph.

12. Dave has lived in San Francisco for six years.

13. A rose is a beautiful flower that blooms in the spring.

14. He’s in a hurry. He can’t even pause long enough to drink some water.

15. They go to bed early at night and rise early in the morning.

16. Ms. Jones is our new secretary. She just started on Monday.

17. Roberta has a sore throat and a runny nose . She has a cold.

18. I just found this umbrella. Did anybody lose it?

19. Don’t just put your tapes in a drawer. use them often.

20. She budgets her income carefully. That’s very wise of her.

21. It was so cold last winter that the lakes in the park all froze .

22. When does the post office close on Saturdays, do you know?

23. If you want to water your lawn and make your grass green, you need to purchase a good hose .

24. In your first aid supplies, it’s a good idea to have tape and gauze .

25. All right. I’m going to take your picture. Now everybody, stand together. And don’t look depressed. Smile.

Come on, everybody, say “ cheese .”

realize	because	rise	wise	quiz
gauze	cheese	froze	pose	as
hose	alphabetize	compromise	raise	nose
Ms.	fantasize	lose	surprise	pause
has	close	rose	choose	use

Final "J"

Jardenette Apartment Building, designed by Richard Neutra

1. Did you manage an apartment building when you lived in L.A.?

2. On the application, you need to write your name and age .

3. I bought vegetables at the supermarket yesterday. I bought a bunch of broccoli and a head of cabbage .

4. It takes a lot of courage to live and study in a new country.

5. You have to learn a new language if you move to a new country.

6. I’d like a vanilla fudge ice cream cone. It’s my favorite flavor.

7. Before I go out to dinner, I have to change my clothes.

8. The edge of the highway is the bicycle lane.

9. What page are we studying in our book right now?

10. Don’t try to open that door. The top hinge is broken.

11. If you carefully explain why you parked there, the judge might lower the fine.

12. This is a very strange novel. I’m not sure I understand it.

13. You need to learn the Pledge of Allegiance for citizenship.

14. Paula isn’t home right now. She’ll be out of town for a week.
Can I take a message ?

15. There is sometimes a traffic jam on the Bay Bridge .

16. Have you taken out the garbage yet? It’ll be collected tomorrow morning.

17. If you have a good job, you can make a living wage .

18. If you need to break a concrete surface, use a sledge hammer.

19. The birds need to be fed and their cage needs to be cleaned.

20. The policeman showed me his badge and asked for my license.

21. My gas gauge says my car is almost out of gas. I’d better stop at the next service station.

22. Laura likes to eat fruit. She took her lunch to work today. She had a sandwich, an apple, and an orange .

23. When I drove into the strange town, I looked for a motel. I saw a “motor lodge”. Is that the same thing?

24. The Wilsons bought a house. Now, they must make mortgage payments every month.

25. A power outage happens when the electricity goes off in an entire neighborhood or city.

bridge	hinge	edge	sledge	age
manage	page	message	strange	courage
change	wage	garbage	language	cabbage
fudge	cage	pledge	badge	judge
outage	gauge	lodge	orange	mortgage

Final "Ch"

1. Which high school is your son going to attend?

2. I don’t know what time it is, because I don’t have a watch .

3. I have to light the pilot light on the stove. I need a match .

4. He needs a ladder in order to reach the ceiling.

5. How much furniture do we need to buy for our new apartment?

6. How many fish did you catch yesterday? Ten? You had the right bait.

7. I usually go to the beach when it’s hot and sunny.

8. If the jeans have a hole in them, you have to sew on a patch .

9. It’s dark in this room. Will someone switch on the light?

10. Do you have an insect bite? I hope it doesn’t itch too much.

11. She’s not rich , but she has a pretty good income.

12. Are you going to march in the next parade?

13. If you feel a little stiff, it’s a good idea to stretch .

14. Are they going to the Main Library or the new Mission Branch ?

15. They went to the park. They sat on a bench and had lunch.

16. Is that batch of cookies done? I’m ready with another one.

17. At the hardware store, I need nuts, bolts, and a wrench .

18. The coach of women's high school basketball is certain her team will win.

19. These shoes are too narrow. They pinch my feet. I’d like to try on a wider pair.

20. That dog is very smart. It knows how to fetch a newspaper.

21. Maria and Julia are sisters. They’re almost the same height. Maria is only one inch taller than Julia.

22. I usually have a light lunch between 12:30 and 1 O’clock.

23. Mr. and Mrs. Hernandez like to sit on their front porch and relax.

24. You have to learn French if you spend any time in France.

25. Roger is a “ couch potato”. He sits and watches TV whenever he can.

beach	itch	which	match	porch
French	couch	coach	much	bench
switch	patch	batch	stretch	pinch
rich	march	wrench	fetch	Branch
inch	lunch	watch	reach	catch

Initial "v" and "b". Listen and Fill the Blanks.

"The Tragedy" by Pablo Picasso, 1903

1. What would you like for breakfast? We have cereal or bacon and eggs.

2. I think Franklin’s Department Store is the best one in Centerville.

3. I’m going to vote for John Black. He’s more honest than Peter Smith.

4. I didn’t understand the president’s speech last night. He was vague .

5. You can rent a row boat at Stow Lake in Golden Gate Park.

6. Although Mr. Parker is over seventy, he still has a lot of vigor .

7. No one lives in the second floor apartment. Right now, It’s vacant .

8. The vet prescribed medicine for my dog.

9. Taste this straw berry . Isn’t it juicy? Isn’t it delicious?

10. The Giants are San Francisco’s famous base ball team.

11. Many different fruits and vegetables are grown in the San Joaquin Valley .

12. Los Angeles used to be smaller than San Francisco, but now it’s a lot bigger .

13. Jack burned his finger when he tried to bake some cookies.

14. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson have a large family. They have two girls and three
boys .

15. I bet on the slowest horse in the race and I lost twenty dollars.

16. If you want the flowers to stay fresh, put them in a vase with lots of water.

17. A teacher can lose her voice if she talks too much and too loudly.

18. I like this chicken dinner very much. What kind of seasoning did you use?

19. The dancers of the San Francisco ballet perform “The Nutcracker Suite.”

20. I took off my vest because it was too hot in the office yesterday.

21. He didn’t bet too much money at the horse race because he knew he could lose.

22. Our cat is fifteen years old and has health problems. We take her to the vet a lot.

23. This screwdriver is bent because we have used it too much.

24. If a room doesn’t have windows, it should have a vent for fresh air.

25. Gabriela plays the trombone in her high school’s marching band .

26. If you need to move, it’s a good idea to rent a van for small furniture and boxes.

a.bake	e.ballet	i.base	m.berry	q.best	u.boat
b.vague	f.Valley	j.vase	n.very	r.vest	v.vote
c.bet	g.band	k.bigger	o.boys	s.bent	w.bacon
d.vet	h.van	l.vigor	p.voice	t.vent	x.vacant

The Third Form Participle

"The Disquieting Muses"
by Giorgio de Chirico
The uses of the third form participle (past participle)

1. Present Perfect Tense
I've already seen that movie.

2. Past Perfect Tense
I didn't want to see that movie last night because I had already seen it

3 Passive Voice
Those patients will be seen by the doctor soon.

4. As An Adjective
This chair is broken. You shouldn't sit on it.





Here are links to the third form participle practices that we are studying in class:

Third Form Participles, a to c
Third Form Participles, c to f
Third Form Participles, f to l
Third Form Participles, l to r
Third Form Participles, r to s
Third Form Participles, s to t
Third Form Participles, t to w
Third Form Participles of Regular Verbs
Three Forms of The Verb: List

Irregular Verb Quiz #1
Irregular Verb Quiz #2
Irregular Verb Quiz #3
Irregular Verb Quiz #4

"The Transformed Dream" by Giorgio de Chirico

Three Rules For The Pronunciation of "ed". Listen and Fill the Blanks.

"Festival of The Flowers/Festival de las Flores" by Diego Rivera



1. Mr. Peterson burned himself when he tried to bake cookies.

2. The student found this class too easy, so he changed to a higher level.

3. I parked my car on Twenty-Second Street near Bartlett.

4. After I polished the silverware, it looked like new.

5. It was one of the best restaurants in town. Everything tasted delicious.

6. I'm exhausted. I worked fifteen hours yesterday, and I didn't get much sleep.

7. Mr. and Mrs. Blue painted their apartment last weekend. They didn’t paint it blue.

8. Mary kissed her five year old son before she left him at school.

9. My cousin's plane landed in San Francisco last night at 10:30. I had to pick him up.

10. The mail carrier delivered the package to the wrong address.

11. We didn't get out of the meeting until 11:00. It ended late.

12. All of the newspapers reported the story about the kidnapping.

13. After I washed my car thoroughly, I vacuumed the inside.

14. Jeff turned left on Sanchez Street instead of right. He got completely lost.

15. Little Red Riding Hood baked some delicious cookies for her grandmother.

16. The wolf jumped out of the woods and stood in the girl's way. She was frightened.

17. We enjoyed our class reunion. We saw a lot of people we hadn't seen in a long time.

18. I like to play music that Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart composed.

19. I was cleaning the bathroom when I noticed a leak in the
ceiling.

20. Mary watched an interesting documentary on Channel Nine.

composed	jumped	kissed	watched	arrived
reported	turned	delivered	polished	painted
worked	tasted	ended	burned	changed
washed	enjoyed	noticed	parked	baked